Diabetes Control

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Diabetes Control

Diabetes is a condition in which the body's cells no longer respond to insulin properly. Blood sugar (glucose) levels are high or too high. For many people, blood glucose is either very low or not detected at all.

A person with type 1 diabetes will never develop hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) because they do not make enough insulin to control their blood glucose levels. A person with type 2 diabetes typically has blood glucose levels that often go above normal (high). Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes affect different types of cells. People with type 2 diabetes are unable to produce insulin. Without insulin, cells may become resistant to its effects, leading to higher blood glucose levels. This resistance is especially noticeable when it comes to weight loss. People often feel hungry or thirsty but cannot eat due to the damage to their liver cells. When the pancreas becomes unable to regulate blood sugars, a person can lose more than 10 percent of their usual body weight over time because of an inability to use up their stored glycogen (sugar) stores. These cells continue to accumulate as fat in different parts of the body, including in the face, neck, arms, legs, abdomen, back, chest, etc.

Types of Diabetes

People with diabetes have one or more of the following common risk factors. Some of these include:

Genetics : The genetics of diabetes may be inherited from parents. If a child inherits gene mutations, or if he or she inherits insulin-resistant genes from a parent who had type 2 diabetes, this can increase the risk of developing a form of diabetes later in life. Other genetic conditions that raise the risk for developing type 2 diabetes include obesity, family history of type 2 diabetes, high birth weight, overweight, having a mother with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, being born before 1960, having two parent(s) with type 2 diabetes, or having a father with type 2 diabetes.

Genetics of diabetes may be inherited from parents. If a child inherits gene mutations, or if he or she inherits insulin-resistant genes from a parent who had type 2 diabetes, this can increase the risk of developing a form of diabetes later in life. Other genetic conditions that raise the risk for developing type 2 diabetes include obesity, family history of type 2 diabetes, high birth weight, overweight, having a mother with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, being born before 1960, having two parent(s) with type 2 diabetes, or having a father with type 2 diabetes. Exocrine Pancreas Insulin Resistance : When the blood glucose level rises, the pancreas makes more insulin to help the pancreas return the blood sugar down. However, once the blood glucose level falls, the pancreas stops making insulin to lower the blood sugar. Sometimes this causes the pancreas to stop responding to insulin. One way insulin resistance occurs is by a combination of two things: insulin resistance and the presence of other diseases. Examples of other diseases include: diabetes, hyperinsulinemia (increased insulin production), obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, liver disease, heart attack, neurological disorder, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic syndrome, Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, depression, endometriosis, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis C, and other chronic conditions.

When the blood glucose level rises, the pancreas makes more insulin to help the pancreas return the blood sugar down. However, once the blood glucose level falls, the pancreas stops making insulin to lower the blood sugar. Often this causes the pancreas to stop responding to insulin. One way insulin resistance occurs is by a combination of two things: insulin resistance and the presence of other diseases. Examples of other diseases include: type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia (increased insulin production), obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, liver disease, heart attack, neurological disorder, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic syndrome, Parkinson's disease, autoimmune diseases, depression, endometriosis, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis C, and other chronic conditions. Hyperglycemia: In some people with diabetes, the body doesn't respond normally to insulin (the hormone responsible for producing the sugar). As a result, blood sugar reaches dangerously high levels. Blood sugar levels reach extreme levels in three ways: increased consumption of carbohydrates (especially refined sugars), excess protein intake, or physical inactivity. Because this can often occur simultaneously with other risks factors, testing is vital to catch this condition early, especially in children younger than 6 years old. Most people with diabetes should begin treatment right away to prevent further complications. If you experience severe symptoms (like ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar state), it may also make sense to see a doctor immediately.

In some people with diabetes, the body doesn't respond normally to insulin (the hormone responsible for producing the sugar). As a result, blood sugar reaches dangerously high levels. Blood sugar levels reach extreme levels in three ways: increased consumption of carbohydrates (especially refined sugars), excess protein intake, or physical inactivity. Because this can often occur simultaneously with other risks factors, testing is vital to catch this condition early, especially in children younger than 6 years old. Most people with diabetes should begin treatment right away to prevent further complications. If you experience severe symptoms (like ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar state), it may also make sense to see a doctor immediately. Obesity Diabetic Syndrome (Metabolic Disease): A person with diabetes develops abdominal obesity. Even though most people can lose around a half pound a week through diet alone, those who are obese often don’t get any. High body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of developing diabetic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, all of which are related to vascular or arterial disease (heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and heart failure). About 75 to 90 percent of patients with diabetes will develop some degree of kidney disease. To avoid significant harm from diabetes, the American Kidney Fund recommends people have a healthy BMI. While there is no cure for type 2 diabetes, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. There are some medications prescribed for diabetes that can reduce the risk of kidney disease in people who are obese. But studies have shown that these medications may not be useful in preventing future problems and can actually lead to more kidney disease in patients who already have kidney disease. The best way to prevent developing kidney disease and potentially reverse some of the damage is to reduce your daily caloric intake to about 2000 calories per day and limit how much sodium you eat to less than 3,500 milligrams (mg) per day. Increasing your activity is another effective way to decrease your risk. It is important to walk or bike or take an active stroll every day if possible. Exercise is a great way to burn calories and keep blood pressure down, and being physically active can also help you maintain a healthy weight. Eating too much salt can lead to high blood pressure and/or type 2 diabetes.

Complications of Diabetes

If you have type 1 diabetes and your blood glucose (blood sugar) remains too high for the rest of your life, it may affect other areas of the body as well. Here are some of the commonly seen problems that happen as a result of diabetes.

The eyes (Glaucoma). Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that disrupts the drainage of tears. Although current research points toward glaucoma being preventable or treatable, no medication has been found yet to help with glaucoma. You are at highest risk if you have diabetes. You may also have cataracts, which occur when a clouding of the lens of the eye (clouding is called Cataract in adults) restricts blood flow to the retina or optic nerve, causing vision loss or blurred vision. This disease can eventually cause blindness. At the same time, fluid builds up in the eye, which affects vision and can lead to infections or inflammation, which can create permanent damage to the eye. Untreated glaucoma can damage the cornea (a thin clear layer of tissue that protects the eye from harmful rays) and the lens (the white, translucent substance in front of the iris). Damage to the cornea and lens can eventually lead to loss of sight. Your treatment plan depends on what is visible on a screen, how bad it is, and how far you have progressed. If you have diabetic retinopathy (damage to the tiny blood vessels that supply the retina with oxygen and nutrients), you should see an ophthalmologist. Also see our comprehensive eye care guide to help you learn the basics of managing your eyes.

The kidneys (Kidney Diseases). Many patients with diabetes have nephropathy (damage to the small urine stream) with or without glomerular disease (damage to the small bean-shaped “pipes” that serve as passageways for urine out of the kidney). Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of factors, such as: excess water retention in our bodies; dehydration, which can be due to a lack of potassium; and infection by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Candida tropicala (yeast), fungi, or parasites.

Many patients with diabetes have nephropathy (damage to the small urine stream) with or without glomerular disease (damage to the small bean-shaped “pipes” that serve as passageways for urine out of the kidney). Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a variety of factors, such as: excess water retention in our bodies

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